Chapter 1 figs ELEN4001

Alan Robert Clark

April 27, 2026

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Figure 1: Alpine Horn antenna
Figure 2: Polarization possibilities. Wave out of page
Figure 3: A pair of Crossed Dipoles.
Figure 4: Obtaining Left-Hand Circular Polarization with a phase and spatial π/2 shift.
Figure 5: Obtaining Right-Hand Circular Polarization with a phase and spatial π/2 shift.
Figure 6: Standard coordinate system and integrating area
Figure 7: Concept of a solid angle
Figure 8: Constant power in a solid angle produces diminishing Power Densityi (1/r2).
Figure 12: Reciprocity concepts
Figure 13: Aperture Efficiency of a Parabolic Dish
Figure 14: Effective Aperture of Dipole ≫ Physical Aperture
Figure 15: Apertures MUST NOT overlap!
Figure 16: Radiation Resistance concept.
Figure 17: Wheeler cap method of determining Rloss
Figure 18: Terminal impedance as a Tx and Rx
Figure 19: Point-to-point Link parameters
Figure 20: Amplitude Modulation
Figure 21: AM Demodulation
Figure 22: Double Side-band Large Carrier
Figure 23: Frequency Modulation
Figure 24: Amplitude, Frequency and Phase Shift Keying
Figure 25: Bit error rates at Signal to Noise Levels.
Figure 26: Two types of 16-ary Phase and Level shifted constellations.
Figure 27: Binary Phase Shift Keying
Figure 28: Quadrature Phase shift Keying
Figure 29: π/4 Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
Figure 30: Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
Figure 31: Minimum Shift Keying
Figure 32: Frequency Division Multiple Access
Figure 33: Time Division Multiple Access
Figure 34: Code Division Multiple Access Spreads the Spectrum.
Figure 35: Space Division Multiple Access with “Smart” antennas.
Figure 36: Fading due to Multipath Cancellation
Figure 37: Bit Error Rate increases with decreasing S/N ratio.

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